/**************************************************************************
 * bitmap.c                                                               *
 * written by David Brackeen                                              *
 * http://www.brackeen.com/home/vga/                                      *
 *                                                                        *
 * Tab stops are set to 2.                                                *
 * This program compiles with DJGPP! (www.delorie.com)                    *
 * To compile in DJGPP: gcc bitmap.c -o bitmap.exe                        *
 *                                                                        *
 * This program will only work on DOS- or Windows-based systems with a    *
 * VGA, SuperVGA, or compatible video adapter.                            *
 *                                                                        *
 * Please feel free to copy this source code.                             *
 *                                                                        *
 * DESCRIPTION: This program demostrates drawing bitmaps, including       *
 * transparent bitmaps.                                                   *
 **************************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <sys/nearptr.h>

#define VIDEO_INT           0x10      /* the BIOS video interrupt. */
#define SET_MODE            0x00      /* BIOS func to set the video mode. */
#define VGA_256_COLOR_MODE  0x13      /* use to set 256-color mode. */
#define TEXT_MODE           0x03      /* use to set 80x25 text mode. */

#define SCREEN_WIDTH        320       /* width in pixels of mode 0x13 */
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT       200       /* height in pixels of mode 0x13 */
#define NUM_COLORS          256       /* number of colors in mode 0x13 */

typedef unsigned char  byte;
typedef unsigned short word;
typedef unsigned long  dword;

byte *VGA = (byte *)0xA0000;          /* this points to video memory. */
word *my_clock = (word *)0x046C;      /* this points to the 18.2hz system
                                         clock. */

typedef struct tagBITMAP              /* the structure for a bitmap. */
{
  word width;
  word height;
  byte *data;
} BITMAP;

/**************************************************************************
 *  fskip                                                                 *
 *     Skips bytes in a file.                                             *
 **************************************************************************/

void fskip(FILE *fp, int num_bytes)
{
   int i;
   for (i=0; i<num_bytes; i++)
      fgetc(fp);
}

/**************************************************************************
 *  set_mode                                                              *
 *     Sets the video mode.                                               *
 **************************************************************************/

void set_mode(byte mode)
{
  union REGS regs;

  regs.h.ah = SET_MODE;
  regs.h.al = mode;
  int86(VIDEO_INT, &regs, &regs);
}

/**************************************************************************
 *  load_bmp                                                              *
 *    Loads a bitmap file into memory.                                    *
 **************************************************************************/

void load_bmp(char *file,BITMAP *b)
{
  FILE *fp;
  long index;
  word num_colors;
  int x;

  /* open the file */
  if ((fp = fopen(file,"rb")) == NULL)
  {
    printf("Error opening file %s.\n",file);
    exit(1);
  }

  /* check to see if it is a valid bitmap file */
  if (fgetc(fp)!='B' || fgetc(fp)!='M')
  {
    fclose(fp);
    printf("%s is not a bitmap file.\n",file);
    exit(1);
  }

  /* read in the width and height of the image, and the
     number of colors used; ignore the rest */
  fskip(fp,16);
  fread(&b->width, sizeof(word), 1, fp);
  fskip(fp,2);
  fread(&b->height,sizeof(word), 1, fp);
  fskip(fp,22);
  fread(&num_colors,sizeof(word), 1, fp);
  fskip(fp,6);

  /* assume we are working with an 8-bit file */
  if (num_colors==0) num_colors=256;


  /* try to allocate memory */
  if ((b->data = (byte *) malloc((word)(b->width*b->height))) == NULL)
  {
    fclose(fp);
    printf("Error allocating memory for file %s.\n",file);
    exit(1);
  }

  /* Ignore the palette information for now.
     See palette.c for code to read the palette info. */
  fskip(fp,num_colors*4);

  /* read the bitmap */
  for(index=(b->height-1)*b->width;index>=0;index-=b->width)
    for(x=0;x<b->width;x++)
      b->data[(word)index+x]=(byte)fgetc(fp);

  fclose(fp);
}

/**************************************************************************
 *  draw_bitmap                                                           *
 *    Draws a bitmap.                                                     *
 **************************************************************************/

void draw_bitmap(BITMAP *bmp,int x,int y)
{
  int j;
  word screen_offset = (y<<8)+(y<<6)+x;
  word bitmap_offset = 0;

  for(j=0;j<bmp->height;j++)
  {
    memcpy(&VGA[screen_offset],&bmp->data[bitmap_offset],bmp->width);

    bitmap_offset+=bmp->width;
    screen_offset+=SCREEN_WIDTH;
  }
}

/**************************************************************************
 *  draw_transparent_bitmap                                               *
 *    Draws a transparent bitmap.                                         *
 **************************************************************************/

void draw_transparent_bitmap(BITMAP *bmp,int x,int y)
{
  int i,j;
  word screen_offset = (y<<8)+(y<<6);
  word bitmap_offset = 0;
  byte data;

  for(j=0;j<bmp->height;j++)
  {
    for(i=0;i<bmp->width;i++,bitmap_offset++)
    {
      data = bmp->data[bitmap_offset];
      if (data) VGA[screen_offset+x+i] = data;
    }
    screen_offset+=SCREEN_WIDTH;
  }
}

/**************************************************************************
 *  wait                                                                  *
 *    Wait for a specified number of clock ticks (18hz).                  *
 **************************************************************************/

void wait(int ticks)
{
  word start;

  start=*my_clock;

  while (*my_clock-start<ticks)
  {
    *my_clock=*my_clock;              /* this line is for some compilers
                                         that would otherwise ignore this
                                         loop */
  }
}

/**************************************************************************
 *  Main                                                                  *
 *    Draws opaque and transparent bitmaps                                *
 **************************************************************************/

void main()
{
  int i,x,y;
  BITMAP bmp;

  if (__djgpp_nearptr_enable() == 0)
  {
    printf("Could get access to first 640K of memory.\n");
    exit(-1);
  }

  VGA+=__djgpp_conventional_base;
  my_clock = (void *)my_clock + __djgpp_conventional_base;

  load_bmp("rocket.bmp",&bmp);        /* open the file */

  set_mode(VGA_256_COLOR_MODE);       /* set the video mode. */

  /* draw the background */
  for(i=0;i<200;i++)
    memset(&VGA[320*i],i,SCREEN_WIDTH);

  wait(25);

  /* draw a tiled bitmap pattern on the left */
  for(y=0;y<=SCREEN_HEIGHT-bmp.height;y+=bmp.height)
    for(x=0;x<=(SCREEN_WIDTH)/2-bmp.width;x+=bmp.width)
      draw_bitmap(&bmp,x,y);

  wait(25);

  /* draw a tiled transparent bitmap pattern on the right */
  for(y=0;y<=SCREEN_HEIGHT-bmp.height;y+=bmp.height)
    for(x=SCREEN_WIDTH-bmp.width;x>=SCREEN_WIDTH/2;x-=bmp.width)
      draw_transparent_bitmap(&bmp,x,y);

  wait(100);

  free(bmp.data);                     /* free up memory used */

  set_mode(TEXT_MODE);                /* set the video mode back to
                                         text mode. */
  __djgpp_nearptr_disable();

  return;
}